युग अनुसार
The Eras of Nepal
Three millennia of recorded and remembered history, divided into eleven great ages. Each era is a doorway — inside are the kings, wars, art, faiths and revolutions that built today's Nepal.
आदि नेपाल
Myths & the Dawn
Before any dynasty ruled, the valley was a sacred lake and the mountains hid the earliest humans. This is the age of Manjushri and the lotus of Swayambhu, of the Shakya clan that produced the Buddha, and of the first stone tools in the Himalaya.
गोपाल वंश
Gopal Dynasty
Nepal's first recorded dynasty. The Gopals — cow-herders from the west — were invited by the valley's elders to rule after they learned to live off the drained land. Eight kings, remembered through the Gopalarajavamshavali chronicle.
महिष्पाल वंश
Mahispal Dynasty
The Abhiras — buffalo-herders — replaced the Gopals. Three kings ruled before the rise of the Kirats, in the chronicle's telling, marking the second age of the valley's pastoral dynasties.
किरात काल
Kirat Era
The Kirats came from the east and ruled for nearly eight centuries — around 28 to 32 kings, beginning with Yalambar, who the Mahabharata names as a warrior on the field of Kurukshetra. Their tongue, faith and festivals still live in Nepal's east.
लिच्छवि काल
Licchavi Era
The Licchavis built the Nepal we can still touch — their stone inscriptions, Changu Narayan's pillar of Manadeva, Amsuvarman's diplomacy and Bhrikuti's marriage into Tibet. The valley joined the great trade and faith networks of Asia.
ठकुरी काल
Thakuri Era
When the Licchavi line faded, Thakuri kings fought for the valley while new powers rose on its edges — the Karnatas of Simroungarh in the south and the Khas Mallas of the far west, whose realm stretched from Kumaon to Mustang.
मल्ल काल
Malla Era
Five centuries of dazzling urban civilization — Jayasthiti Malla's social code, the three rival courts of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur, the living goddess Kumari, the great durbars and pagodas, and trade caravans to Lhasa. It ended when Gorkha's cannon spoke in 1768.
शाह एकीकरण
Shah Unification
Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha conquered the valley in 1768 and set out to weld dozens of hill states into one Nepal. His successors pushed the border to the Teesta in the east and Kangra in the west — until the Anglo-Nepal War redrew the map with the Treaty of Sugauli.
राणा शासन
The Rana Regime
Jung Bahadur Rana seized power in the Kot Massacre of 1846 and made the premiership a family inheritance while the Shah kings became caged figureheads. Isolation, splendour and repression defined the era — until the Four Martyrs and the revolution of 1951 brought it down.
लोकतन्त्र र पञ्चायत
Democracy & Panchayat
The 1951 revolution delivered democracy — and its first elected prime minister, B.P. Koirala, lasted barely eighteen months before King Mahendra's 1960 coup began thirty years of partyless Panchayat rule, referendum, and rising dissent.
जनयुद्ध र जनआन्दोलन
People's War & People's Movement
The 1990 Jana Andolan restored multiparty democracy. Then came the Maoist People's War — seventeen thousand dead — the 2001 palace massacre, the 2006 Loktantra Andolan, the Comprehensive Peace Accord, and finally, on 28 May 2008, the birth of a republic.
गणतन्त्र नेपाल
Federal Republic
The republic drafted its constitution in 2015, survived the Gorkha earthquake and an Indian blockade, built a federal state of seven provinces — and in 2025, a generation born after the war shut down the country over a social media ban and demanded it start again.