The causes compounded: Panchayat rigidity and corruption, the failed referendum compromise, the 1989–90 Indian blockade, and the collapse of the Berlin Wall — the last partyless system in a democratizing world. On 18 February 1990, Democracy Day itself, the Jana Andolan (जनआन्दोलन) began.कारणहरू संचयी थिए: पञ्चायतको कठोरता, असफल जनमत संग्रह, भारतीय नाकाबन्दी, र बर्लिन पर्खालको पतन। ७ फागुन २०४६ — प्रजातन्त्र दिवसकै दिन — जनआन्दोलन सुरु भयो।
Its architecture was unusual for Nepal: the Nepali Congress under Ganesh Man Singh (गणेशमान सिंह) — supreme commander of the movement — allied with the United Left Front; even the radical communists participated, with Baburam Bhattarai as spokesperson of their wing. Bhattarai's colleague from the movement's unity would, sixteen years later, sign the peace accord's other half.आन्दोलनको संरचना असामान्य थियो: गणेशमान सिंहको काङ्ग्रेस र वामपन्थीहरू सँगै लडे। सोही एकताको धागो पछि शान्ति प्रक्रियामा पुग्नेछ।
Forty-Nine Daysउनचारी दिन
Escalation was brutal: early-April police gunfire in Patan, then a Kathmandu march of some 200,000 people. At least 45–50 demonstrators were killed across the movement. Nightly curfews failed. On 8 April 1990, King Birendra lifted the ban on political parties — the movement's demand, granted after 49 days. On 19 April, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai (कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई) became interim prime minister to run the transition.गतिरोध निर्मम थियो: अप्रिलको सुरुमा पाटनमा प्रहरी गोली, फर्कि काठमाडौंमा दुई लाखको मार्च। झन्डै पचास आन्दोलनकारी मारिए। ८ अप्रिल १९९० मा वीरेन्द्रले दलहरूको प्रतिबन्ध हटाए। कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई अन्तरिम प्रधानमन्त्री बने।
The Constitution of 1990संविधान २०४७
The new constitution — Nepal's fifth constitutional instrument — was promulgated on 9 November 1990 (कात्तिक २३, २०४७): constitutional monarchy, multiparty parliamentary democracy, sovereignty of the people, fundamental rights, the abolition of the death penalty. It retained, controversially, the Hindu-kingdom identity and a clause (Article 117) that barred parties with foreign links — a seed of the Maoist grievance that would follow.नयाँ संविधान — नेपालको पाँचौं संवैधानिक दस्तावेज — ९ नोभेम्बर १९९० मा जारी भयो: संवैधानिक राजतन्त्र, बहुदलीय संसदीय प्रणाली, मूल अधिकार, मृत्युदण्ड अन्त्य।
"Ganesh Man Singh, who commanded the movement, refused every post afterward. Nepal's democracy has always been led by people it could not pay.
आन्दोलनका सर्वोच्च कमाण्डर गणेशमान सिंहले पछि कुनै पद लिएनन्।