On 10 April 2008, Nepal voted for its first Constituent Assembly — 601 members, elected partly by direct vote and partly by proportional list. Against every forecast, the former rebels won: the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) took 220 seats and became the largest party. The people had handed the pen to the men who had spent ten years fighting the state.१० अप्रिल २००८ (वि.सं. २०६४) मा नेपालले पहिलो संविधानसभाको निर्वाचन गर्यो — ६०१ सदस्य, आंशिक प्रत्यक्ष मत र आंशिक समानुपातिक सूचीबाट। अनुमानको उल्टो, भूतपूर्व विद्रोही जिते: नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी) २२० सिटसहित ठूलो दल बन्यो। जनताले कलम दस वर्ष राज्यविरुद्ध लड्ने मानिसका हातमा दिए।
At its very first session the Assembly did what no parliament had dared: on 28 May 2008 it voted 560–4 to abolish the monarchy, ending a dynasty founded in 1768. King Gyanendra — who had already lost his army, his government and his crown's legitimacy in 2006 — left Narayanhiti Palace on 11 June 2008 as a private citizen. Nepal became a Federal Democratic Republic; Ram Baran Yadav became its first president, and Maoist chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal ('Prachanda') its first prime minister.संविधानसभाकै पहिलो बैठकले अकल्पनीय काम गर्यो: जेठ १५, २०६५ मा ५६०–४ को मतले राजतन्त्र भंग गर्यो — वि.सं. १८२५ मा स्थापित वंशको अन्त्य। ज्ञानेन्द्र — जसले २०६३ मा आफ्नो सेना, सरकार र राजमुकुटको वैधता गुमाइसकेका थिए — ११ जून २००८ मा नारायणहिटी दरबार साधारण नागरिक भएर निस्के। नेपाल संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र बन्यो; रामबरण यादव पहिलो राष्ट्रपति, माओवादी अध्यक्ष पुष्पकमल दाहाल ('प्रचण्ड') पहिला प्रधानमन्त्री।
Four Years of Deadlines, and a Dissolved Assemblyचार वर्षका समयसीमा — र भंग हुँदा संविधानसभा
Writing the constitution proved harder than winning the war. The Assembly missed its own deadline in May 2010, extended itself for a year, missed again, and again. The core dispute was one question: how to carve Nepal into federal states — how many, named how, run by whom, and whether the southern Terai plains got their own. Prime ministers changed four times. On 28 May 2012 the Assembly's term expired with no text in hand, and it dissolved — a constitution-making body that had served its full term and produced nothing.संविधान लेख्नु युद्ध जित्नुभन्दा गाह्रो भयो। सभाले २०६७ जेठमा आफ्नै समयसीमा नाघ्यो, एक वर्ष थप्यो, फेरि नाघ्यो। मूल विवाद एउटै प्रश्न थियो: नेपाललाई कति संघीय प्रदेश, कुन नाम, कसको अधिकारमा बाँड्ने, र दक्षिणको तराईलाई आफ्नै प्रदेश दिने कि नदिने। चार पटक प्रधानमन्त्री बदलिए। जेठ १५, २०६९ मा संविधानसभा कागजविना नै भंग भयो — पूर्ण कार्यकाल पुरा गरेर पनि केही नदिने संविधान-निर्माण निकाय।
A second Constituent Assembly was elected on 19 November 2013. This time the old parliamentary parties returned: the Nepali Congress largest, the UML second, the Maoists third — a verdict that the war's victors had lost the peace. Sushil Koirala became prime minister, and the drafting, slowed by four years of cross-party deadlock, resumed.दोस्रो संविधानसभा १९ नोभेम्बर २०१३ मा निर्वाचित भयो। यसपालि पुराना संसदीय दलहरू फर्के: काङ्ग्रेस पहिलो, एमाले दोस्रो, माओवादी तेस्रो — युद्ध जित्नेहरू शान्तिको फल हारेको निर्णय। सुशील कोइराला प्रधानमन्त्री बने, र चार वर्षको दलगत अवरोधले सुस्त बनेको मस्यौदा प्रक्रिया पुनः सुरु भयो।
20 September 2015 — The Constitutionअसोज ३, २०७२ — संविधान
The draft finally came together in the shadow of catastrophe — as the Gorkha earthquake still smouldered and an undeclared blockade was choking the border, the Constituent Assembly voted. More than 90% of members — 501 of 545 present — signed the new constitution, which was promulgated by President Ram Baran Yadav on 20 September 2015. It was Nepal's first constitution framed by an elected body, and the seventh constitution in the country's history.मस्यौदा अन्ततः विपत्तिको छायामा तयार भयो — गोरखा भूकम्पको धुवाँ अझै हराइनसकेको र घोषित नभएको नाकाबन्दी सीमा थुनिरहेको बेला, संविधानसभाले मतदान गर्यो। ५४५ मध्ये ५०१ — ९०% भन्दा बढी — सदस्यले हस्ताक्षर गरे, र राष्ट्रपति रामबरण यादवले २० सेप्टेम्बर २०१५ (असोज ३, २०७२) मा संविधान जारी गरे। यो निर्वाचित निकायले बनाएको नेपालको पहिलो संविधान र देशको सातौं संविधान थियो।
Not everyone signed. Madhesi parties from the southern plains boycotted the promulgation, saying the provincial boundaries cut through the Terai and diluted its representation; at least 50 people died in the Terai agitation of 2015–16. India voiced its concerns openly — and then, weeks later, began the months-long border blockade described in the next chronicle.सबैले हस्ताक्षर गरेनन्। दक्षिणको तराईका मधेसी दलहरूले प्रदेश सीमाले तराई चिरेको र प्रतिनिधित्व घटाएको भन्दै जारी समारोहको बहिष्कार गरे; २०७२–७३ को तराई आन्दोलनमा कम्तीमा ५० जना मारिए। भारतले आपत्ति खुलै जनायो — र केही हप्तापछि अर्को किताबमा वर्णित महिनौंको नाकाबन्दी सुरु गर्यो।